African Americans National Association For The...

During the 1900s African Americans fought for freedom and racial uplift. Today African Americans can be seen fighting for equality and justice. African Americans actions were demonstrated through the Niagara Movement, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People also known as the NAACP, the Harlem Renaissance, and the civil rights movement. Each of the movements listed have shown the different struggles Blacks went through for what they believe in. The Niagara Movement was an important movement in the early 1900’s. July of 1905, W.E.B. Du Bois, hosted the first Niagara Movement meeting in Ontario, Canada (Carson, Lapsansky-Werner, Nash, 2005). W. E. B. Du Bois wanted to host the meeting in Buffalo New York but the hotel did not want to accommodate that many African Americans. The movement started due to the lack of Booker T Washington wanting to help African Americans. Gates (2011) states W.E.B. Du Bois wanted to fight to give Blacks full benefits, citizenship, equal voting rights, fair treatment, and protection from white violence. (p. 239) Booker T. Washington disagreed with W.E.B. Du Bios and felt Blacks should take what is given to them because it is a privilege. Booker T. Washington felt it was time African Americans did things for themselves without a handout. The members of the movement estimated around 400 people. Gates, 2011 states that the movement conducted three meetings annually with more than thirty branch es around the country. (Page 240) TheShow MoreRelated Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pages The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. 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While speaking aboutRead MoreThe National Association of the Advancement of Colored People1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Association of the Advancement of Colored People Almost 500,000 Americans of all races are members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the largest civil rights organization in the world and probably the largest secular citizens action agency in the nation. Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the oldest civil rights organization as well as the most powerful and the most respected today. The NAACP is the national spokesperson for blackRead MoreSurge Of Identity Through The Tobacco Industry Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesn’ roll and love. Though, what people do not bluntly address is the lack of representation among the African American society. Fear harnessed the 1960’s with the Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and the assassinations of both John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King. In a way for the people to cope with the fear and anger of what was going on, people smoked. Tobacco companies profited from this largely. A large portion of their revenue came from the African American po pulation. Despite the controversyRead MoreBooker T Washingtons View Of Education Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscrimination hindering their lives, bound by chains of white supremacy. African American prominent influential leaders Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois sought to make a movement during the Gilded Age, fighting for the amelioration of African Americans place in society. Notably, their surrounding atmosphere influenced their political views on the rights for African Americans. Booker T. Washington believed African Americans should accept their unequal positions in society having the belief that

Bow Hunting Kite Hunter Essay - 2161 Words

Bow Hunter Two new deer hunters decided to separate to increases their chances. â€Å"What if we get lost?† says one of them. â€Å"Fire three shots up in the air, every hour on the hour† says the other. â€Å"I saw it on TV.† Sure enough, one of the hunters gets lost, so he fires three shots up into the air every hour on the hour. The next day the other hunter finds his friend with the help of the Forest Ranger. â€Å"Did you do what I said?† asked the hunter. â€Å"Yes, I fired three shots up into the air every hour on the hour, until I ran out of arrows.† Bow hunting has been around for many years. Bows have evolved over the years, so much that it is easier to bow hunt now than it was years ago. Everyone should try bow hunting at least once in their lifetime. Bow hunting can be a challenging sport, an exciting sport, and a relaxing sport. Hunting whitetail deer can be an exceptional challenge when you’re using a bow and arrow. It is a prov en fact that if you’re using a bow a deer must be a great deal closer for the arrow to actually kill them because the arrow is so light weight that it drops quickly where the bullet from a rifle will travel farther before it drops. Odds are always on the deer’s side, because they have a wonderful sense of smell, their hearing is so much better, and eyesight is one hundred times more powerful than our very own. A deer can hear a twig snap from hundred yards or more away, and can tell exactly where it came from. The deer can smell our human scent no matter howShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageson to boiled pieces of yam or cocoyam, sometimes with vegetables added, and stirred and rolled thoroughly with other ingredients pepper, oil, etc. - and served) A. a warlike people living to the north of the á »Å'hafá »â€¹a, who traditionally acted as head-hunting mercenaries to the Nike and the Ará » ¥ B. a feast, celebrated to commemorate a victory o f Onitsha North people over the Ada, in which large numbers of small masquerades throw sticks and stones at people a fall fall; fall down (usually of persons ( -dà  

BIO Notes On Organic Chemistry Essay Research free essay sample

BIO Notes On Organic Chemistry Essay, Research Paper The chemical science of life ( Populating things made largely of saccharides, fat and protein ) CARBOHYDRATES energy manufacturer # 183 ; Contain C, H and O # 183 ; Glucose is the simplest ( dissolves easy in H2O ) monosaccharose # 183 ; Starch is besides common ( solid, tonss of glucose molecules in a concatenation ( condensation ) ) disaccharide # 183 ; Starch is broken down into glucose as good ( add H2O # 224 ; hydrolysis ) FAT energy manufacturer insularity and energy shop # 183 ; Contain C, H and O # 183 ; Contains more C + H # 183 ; Fat molecule is made up of glycerin and fatty acids. # 183 ; Condensation and hydrolysis drama parts here? Protein # 183 ; Contain C, H, O, N ( and sulfur ) # 183 ; Made of blocks ( aminic acids ) and links ( peptide links ) # 183 ; 22 amino acids in nature # 183 ; Hydrolysis # 224 ; concatenation of proteins split ( polypeptides ) so broken to little amino acids # 183 ; Reverse in condensation # 183 ; Soluble proteins make up enzymes. # 183 ; Denaturalisation occurs when molecule form alterations when heated. Chemical Chemical reaction # 183 ; Occur chiefly in intestine and cells # 183 ; Chemical reactions in cells is metamorphosis # 183 ; Interrupting down or connection options # 183 ; All reactions are catalysed by enzymes. Enzymes Importance # 183 ; To rush up reactions # 183 ; They are biological accelerators # 183 ; TYPES Extracellular enzymes are produced and leave cell to work outside # 183 ; Intracellular enzymes work indoors cell ENZYME CONTROLLED REACTION # 183 ; Maltose ( substrate ) # 224 ; maltase ( enzyme ) # 224 ; glucose ( merchandise ) Property # 183 ; Always proteins # 183 ; Specific # 183 ; Reclaimable # 183 ; Destroyed by heat over 45 Celsius # 183 ; Sensitive to pH HOW DO THEY Work? # 183 ; Enzyme molecule has active site # 183 ; Substrate fits into active site # 183 ; Reaction takes topographic point # 183 ; Merchandises leave site. Helping HINDERING # 183 ; Anything which helps substrate range enzyme speeds up reaction # 183 ; Poisons halt temporarily/ for good the active site ENZYME Use # 183 ; Biological lavation pulverizations # 183 ; Tendering meats, clambering fish, taking hairs # 183 ; Softening veggies, taking seed coats # 183 ; Syrups, fruit-juices, cocoas Food and Diet OUR DIET # 183 ; Carbohydrates # 183 ; Fats # 183 ; Proteins # 183 ; Water # 183 ; Minerals # 183 ; Vitamins Carbohydrates # 183 ; Sugar gives energy # 183 ; Starch are usually found in little grains called amylum granules they besides give us energy # 183 ; Cellulose for workss make a cell wall for worlds it makes a dietetic fiber maintaining the nutrient traveling along the intestine Fat # 183 ; Chiefly give us energy # 183 ; Saturated means that there is no more room for atoms to add on to the bing molecule. # 183 ; Unsaturated is the antonym. Protein # 183 ; Needed for growing fix and little sums of energy # 183 ; Kwashiorkor # 224 ; disease with the deficiency of protein # 183 ; Proteins are made of aminic acids # 183 ; Essential amino acids are 1s we can non do but alternatively take in digestively Water # 183 ; Absolutely indispensable # 183 ; Needed in all life signifiers and contained in largely all substances Minerals # 183 ; Sodium. Is a salt. It helps messages to be sent and musculus contraction. Lack of causes spasms in musculuss # 183 ; Calcium used for indurating our castanetss and dentitions. Hardening can merely take topographic point when they take up Ca phosphate and carbonate ( calcification ) . Lack of causes rachitiss ( soft, weak, distorted castanetss ) . # 183 ; Phosphorus. We need it to be absorbed into the Ca. It occurs in membranes. # 183 ; Iron. Present in hemoglobin ( conveyances O2 ) . Lack of cause anemia: less O2 transported, less energy. # 183 ; Iodine. Trace component: needed in bantam measures. We get from sea nutrient and imbibing H2O. Needed to do tetraiodothyronine. Lack of causes goitre or? Derbyshire cervix? : puffiness of thyroid secretory organ next to Adam? s apple. # 183 ; Fluorine. Trace component. Prevents tooth decay. Vitamins # 183 ; Collection of organic substances which control reactions in the organic structure. # 183 ; ( A ) . Vitamin a1: of import for our eyes. Lack of causes night-blindness or xerophthalmus. Fat soluble # 183 ; ( B ) . Niac in ( nicotinic acid ) . Lack of: Pellagra. Vitamin b1: deficiency of is Beri-beri. Vitamin b2: causes sores in tegument around oral cavity. Water soluble # 183 ; ( C ) . Ascorbic acid. Keep epithelial tissue healthy. Lack of cause scorbutus: hemorrhage in assorted parts of the organic structure. Water soluble # 183 ; ( D ) . Calciferol. Helps child? s castanetss become strong. Lack of cause rachitiss. Can be obtained from fish liver oil or the organic structure through sunshine. Fat soluble # 183 ; ( E ) . Found in milk and egg yolk. Lack of cause asepsis. Fat soluble # 183 ; ( K ) . Helps blood coagulum. Lack of causes internal, external hemorrhage. Fat-soluble. # 183 ; Composition of different nutrients helps us place utile substances. # 183 ; Vegetarian: eats no carnal meat but does eat merchandises. Vegans do non eat carnal merchandises. # 183 ; Food additives: substances that are added to nutrient. Some give alteration to color, gustatory sensation, saving or consistence. How substances are stored WHY DO ORGANISMS STORE SUBSTANCES? # 183 ; So that they can last when nutrient is unavailable or scarce # 183 ; Man can last several hebdomads WHERE ARE SUBSTANCES STORED? # 183 ; The chief storage topographic point is the liver for worlds. # 183 ; For workss they swell up and do the swelling the storage topographic point. The works storage organ can last rough conditions so a new works spouts and the nutrient is moved at that place. PLANTS STORAGE SYSTEM # 183 ; Green workss produce glucose that is either used heterosexual off or turned into amylum and converted back to glucose when needed. # 183 ; Other substances can be made from glucose in workss ( oil, sugar ) REQUIREMENTS FOR TURNING STARCH INTO GLUCOSE # 183 ; Enzyme # 183 ; Can be tested with amylum HOW STARCH IS TURNED INTO GLUCOSE # 183 ; Glucose molecules join together and gyrate up organizing a amylum grain ( condensation ) # 183 ; The amylum grain can de-coil and divide up organizing Glucose ( hydrolysis ) ANIMALS STORAGE SYSTEM # 183 ; Get glucose from nutrient # 183 ; They turn glucose into animal starch # 183 ; Glycogen is a bondage of glucose molecules linked together # 183 ; Stored in the liver # 183 ; It is besides stored as fat Mobilization # 183 ; This is when a solid signifier of nutrient has to be transported and it is broken down into a solution. # 183 ; Starch and animal starch are broken down into glucose. # 183 ; Fat is broken down into fatty acids and glycerin IMPORTANCE OF FOOD STORES # 183 ; Storage of nutrient in beings normally mean they are traveling to be packed together closely, this means anything like this can be a rich beginning for worlds Obtaining energy from nutrient FOOD CONTAINING ENERGY # 183 ; We can look into this by firing nutrient and gauging the sum of heat given out. ( kJ ) # 183 ; kJ per Gram carbohydrates-17, fat-39, protein-18 ENERGY CONTAINED IN FOOD # 183 ; determines how it should be cooked # 183 ; Depends on substances inside the nutrient. ENERGY PER DAY # 183 ; Basal metabolic rate: rate at which organic structure procedures take topographic point # 183 ; Approximately 7000kj per twenty-four hours if lying down making nil # 183 ; At least 9200 kJ per twenty-four hours for making nil but indispensable undertakings EXCESS Eating # 183 ; Most extra non used is turned into fat. Body weight additions # 183 ; Obesity is when we take in more energy ( through nutrient ) than we give out. # 183 ; More exercising, ingestion of less energy-containing nutrients halt or lessening fleshiness MINIMAL EATING ( STARVATION ) # 183 ; First energy shops from fat will be used up. # 183 ; Takes energy from musculuss # 183 ; Becomes thin and weak # 183 ; Anorexia nervosa: psychological loss of appetency # 183 ; Marasmus blowing off due to starvation Energy release-respiration FOOD Burning # 183 ; Oxygen is needed # 183 ; Carbon dioxide, H2O and heat are produced ENERGY PRODUCTION IN HUMANS # 183 ; C6H12O6 + 6O2 # 224 ; 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY # 183 ; We can look into the relationship between O2+CO2 and interrupting down of nutrient by utilizing radioactive tracers and mice. ENERGY USES # 183 ; Animal-movement, messages, transit, heat, growing, cell division, osmosis, and life! # 183 ; Plants taking up mineral salts, opening/closing pores, transporting nutrient substances, growing, cell division, osmosis, and life! CHEMISTRY OF RESPIRATION # 183 ; Respirometer measures sum of O taken in # 183 ; Energy produced from glucose is linked to adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) # 183 ; Breakdown of glucose is used to do ATP # 183 ; ATP non Glucose gives energy towards musculus contractions

The Scarlet Letter Research Paper Essay Example

The Scarlet Letter Research Paper Essay Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 The Scarlet Letter is a story of adultery in the 17th century’s Puritan Boston. As its basic settings suggest, the novel is a razor-sharp manifesto against the moral and social standards of that time. Moreover, as discussed thoroughly in this paper, Hawthorne’s work invites the reader to investigate a wide array of micro-level matters, in particular the perception of the self, the woman and the conflict between one’s emotional world and reality. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive critical analysis of The Scarlet Letter. To do so, the analysis reviews several themes and characters from three critical perspectives, namely the Feminist, the Psychological and the Historical Critical Perspectives of literature. The three sections, each one focuses on one of the three critical perspectives, combines examples from the novel itself, critical analyses of leading literary scholars, and the author’s own critical views on the matters in question. Analysis from a Feminist Critical Perspective Is The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Work?By the time he wrote The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne was fully aware of the developments in the 19th century’s feminist movement and, as argued by Baym (2005), held continuous literary conversation with the movement (whose first major convention was held just two years before The Scarlet Letter was published) and its values. Thus, although the novel deals with â€Å"a woman who rebels against patriarchal authority† (Person, 2007, p. 23) in the context of the 17th century’s Puritan Boston, Hawthorne’s support for ideas of women liberation is stated loud and clear. Moreover, Hawthorne expands the discussion on the classical role of women in 19th century’s literature, which focused on â€Å"female stereotypes, especially the familiar opposition of Fair Maidens and Dark Ladies,† and created Hester Prynne as â€Å"a heroine who is as much a nineteenth-century feminist as a seventeenth-century Puritan hereticâ €  (ibid.). We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nevertheless, the question of whether The Scarlet Letter should be viewed as a masculine support to feminist ideas has no clear answer. On one hand, the novel criticizes the Puritan offensive relations towards women, including the witchcraft against quasi-powerful feminine characters. However, Hawthorne, who argued in 1855 that â€Å"America is now wholly given over to a d—–d mob of scribbling? women† (Barlowe, 2000, p.32), arguably demands a new role for American women not as a supporter of the feminist argument of his times, but as a natural part of his general social criticism (Person, 2007). Either way, Hawthorne seals The Scarlet Letter with a short manifesto, in which Hester comforts the women who come to her cottage by expressing â€Å"her firm belief, that, at some brighter period, when the world should have grown ripe for it, in Heaven’s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness† (1850, p. 321). Female Characters in The Scarlet LetterHester PrynneHester is the protagonist of the novel, who wears the scarlet letter (a piece of cloth in the shape of an A, which signals the disgrace of Hester’s adultery). When her husband, Roger Chillingworth, is in Europe, Hester has an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale and gives birth to a daughter, Pearl. Hester is a passionate woman, who does not regret for her sin, which is considered as a crime under Puritan law. Moreover, she is depicted as intelligent, independent, caring mother of Pearl and has extremely strong personality. PearlPearl is the daughter of Hester Prynne, who must carry the shame of her mother, being her illegitimate child. The reader quickly learns that Hester â€Å"named the infant â€Å"Pearl,† as being of great price, — purchased? with all she had, — her mother’s only treasure,† (Hawthorne, 1850, p. 106) meaning her virginity. Pearl is beautiful, but due to her origin she is considered in the prevalent narrative as community to be a child of Satan. In accordance, she is uncontrollable, hyperactive and isolates herself from the other children. Her affection towards nature and disgust from the community leads her to leave America, as she believes that the true nature of man cannot be respected in this land. Mistress HibbinsBased on a real figure (as many other elements of the plot), Mistress Hibbins is â€Å"Governor Bellingham’s bitter-tempered sister, and the same who, a few years later, was executed as a witch† (ibid., p. 139). Although she offered Hester to join her to the forest to attend a witch group, Hibbins represents Hawthorne’s criticism on the Salem witchcraft (see below). Judging the personality and actions of Hibbins from a feminist perspective, though, it is evidently clear that the Hawthorne â€Å"tags† the unpleasant woman as a witch because of her unpleasant personality, as if women are not allowed to behave this way within the society in question. Analysis from a Psychological Critical Perspective Guilt, Punishment and HypocrisyThe Scarlet Letter asks more than a few questions about the ways we justify our actions. Throughout the whole novel, Hawthorne shares his views regarding the border between the inner guilt – that is, the guilt that someone feels – and guilt and punishment as determined by society. When Pearl continuously inquiries â€Å"What does the scarlet letter mean?† (pp. 217, 219, 220, 227) she refer to her mother’s sign of Cain, as well as requesting us to reflect on the title of book (Person, 2007), in the sense of â€Å"What does this book mean?† Hawthorne’s emotional and moral manipulation is clear: after reading about two-thirds of the book, his readers have probably already developed a negative attitude towards the Puritan values and regret Hester’s tragedy. However, when the psychologically unstable Pearl, the creation of Hester’s sin/crime, keeps asking us the same question, we should reconsider the line of though that has lead us so far. Can Hester set her own values? Are we not also hypocrite when we justify Hester but criticize exceptional ways of life? Or are we just those men and women who seek revenge through punishment? Group PsychologyAs discussed in the next section, the Puritan values were no longer dominant in American society. Hawthorne has therefore the opportunity to examine how this culture had fallen apart from different perspectives, notably from the weakness of the group. In The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan society is not only the group of reference for the individual (as any other normal society), but it seems that it actually needs its sinners to justify its existence and to find common grounds for its disciples (Zhao, 2007). In this context, Hester provides burning materials to fuel this fire; not only because of her adultery, but also through the way she handles the society’s attitude towards her. For example, when Hester â€Å"stood fully revealed before the crowd,† she is expected to â€Å"conceal a certain token, ?which was wrought or fastened into her dress† (Hawthorne, 1850, p. 62), that is, her scarlet letter. But instead, â€Å"she took ?the baby on her arm, and, with a burning blush, and? yet a haughty smile, and a glance that would not be abashed, looked around at her townspeople and neighbors† and presents her letter A, which is â€Å"?surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic? flourishes of gold thread [†¦and] was so artistically done, [†¦] that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age, but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony.† (ibid, pp. 62-3). Hester, whose letter A may also imply other words, such as artist or author (Barlowe, 2000), chooses to confront the norms instead of accepting her role as the scapegoat of her society. Pearl chooses a different way, by isolating her running to the woods as a child, and leaving the group altogether later on. Analysis from a Historical Critical Perspective In his introductory section to The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne (1850) discusses the historical position of the author, arguing that â€Å"when he casts his leaves forth upon the wind, the author addresses, not the many who will fling aside his volume, or never take it up, but the few who will understand him, better than most of his schoolmates and lifemates.† (p. 1-2). However, the understanding of the novel and its author differs within and among eras, just like the perceptions on the novel’s themes. Instead of repeating the historical occurrences and their depiction in the novel, this section briefly two opposing critics of The Scarlet Letter from the original publish era. Doing so, it is possible to deal with one of the major elements of the Historical Critical Perspective, namely the means in which the literary work is accepted among eras. In a 1850 critic in the Boston Daily Times, Charles Creighton Hazewell â€Å"praised the accurate depiction of the Puritans and declared Governor Bellingham and other characters to be drawn with ‘eminent fidelity’ to history.† (Wright, 2007, p. 213) Though â€Å"Hawthorne did not claim his writings were ‘historical tales’† (ibid.), the latter’s introduction leaves very little room for doubt regarding his willingness to open the past from a critical perspective. This very same tendency to discuss sensitive issues from the origins of the US, particularly in the context of Puritan priests, was criticized by the Episcopal bishop Arthur Cleveland Cox. In his 1851 review, Cox defined the (now highly-celebrated) book as â€Å"made to the market† (ibid.) and a degrading work for American literature. Conclusion The Scarlet Letter is arguably one of the most important American literary works of all times. In addition to its literary merits, this historical novel has became so important thanks to its ability to thoroughly discuss two major points of conflict in American society: The Puritan heritage and the question of the correct relations between the collective and the individual. These two dilemmas, which stand at the locus of the novel, were also very dominant in the author’s own life. Born in Salem, MA, Hawthorne’s ambivalent relations with his ancestors’ involvement in the witchcraft and other faces of the â€Å"Puritan justice system† took a major role in his writings. Hawthorne himself admits the affection of Salem and its past his feelings and thoughts, and so are many of his views: reflective, not always coherent and constantly plays between the social and the personal points of view (Person, 2007). The reader of The Scarlet Letter should be extremely cautious: as discussed above, Hawthorne lived in and wrote about times of great dilemmas at all levels, and as such, his accounts often entails contradictory views, emotional manipulations and correspondences with his contemporary as well as past events.